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Permissions and ACL

Contember provides an easy way to create user roles with granular permission.

Using our declarative ACL, you can define not only row and column level permissions, but also cell level. In other words, you can define different conditions for accessing individual fields of a single row.

In ACL definition, you use same filters you know from Content API filters, so you can traverse through relations and build complex cross-entity rules.

Terminology​

Variable​

Variable is defined for certain role and its value injected to predicate when a predicate is evaluated.

Entity variable​

Entity variables are stored in Tenant API within a membership. Usually some kind of dimension by which you split your data - e.g. a site or a language, or even a category.

Predefined variables​

There are two predefined variables - identityID with an ID of identity associated with current request and personID with ID of person. personID will be empty if the request is executed with token which is not associated with a person.

Condition variables​

Allows injecting arbitrary column condition into a predicate. This enables the creation of more complex predicates, such as those for date ranges.

note

Variable values representing the condition must be passed as a serialized JSON string, for both the Tenant API for membership management and for the assume membership feature.

Predicates​

Predicates are defined on entity level of given role. It is basically a condition, which is evaluated, when you try to access a field.

Operations​

There are following kinds of operations - read, update, create and delete. For each you can set up the rules.

note

Note that for a "delete" operation you can't set rules on each field, because you are deleting a row as a whole.

ACL definition​

ACL definition API provides an easy way to define ACL rules directly within model definition by attaching a decorators to entities. For some cases, you might prefer a low level definition API.

createRole: Defining a role​

A function for defining an ACL role.

createRole(roleName, options)

Function arguments:​

  • roleName: a role identifier. You use this name in Tenant API
  • options: optional argument, where you can define tenant and system permissions.

Each role must be exported from schema definition using export const ...

Example: creating editorRole​

import { AclDefinition as acl } from '@contember/schema-definition'
export const editorRole = acl.createRole('editor')

Example: creating editorRole with additional options​

import { AclDefinition as acl } from '@contember/schema-definition'
export const editorRole = acl.createRole('editor', {
	tenant: {
		invite: true,
		// ...
	},
	system: {
		history: true,
		// ...
	}
})

createEntityVariable: Defining an entity variable​

createEntityVariable(variableName, entityName, role[, fallback])

Function arguments:​

  • variableName: a variable identifier. It must be unique for given role. You use this name in Tenant API
  • entityName: an entity name, for which we define this variable
  • role: a role reference (created using createRole), for which this variable is defined. You can also pass an array of roles.
  • fallback: optional fallback condition, when a variable is not passed

Example: defining categoryId entity variable​

import { AclDefinition as acl } from '@contember/schema-definition'

export const categoryIdVariable = acl.createEntityVariable('categoryId', 'Category', editorRole)

createPredefinedVariable: Defining a predefined variable​

createConditionVariable(variableName, value, role[, fallback])

Function arguments:​

  • variableName: a variable identifier. It must be unique for given role. You use this name in Tenant API
  • value: a value type passed to a variable, can be either identityID or personID
  • role: a role reference (created using createRole), for which this variable is defined. You can also pass an array of roles.
  • fallback: optional fallback condition, when a variable is not passed

Example: defining personVariable predefined variable​

import { AclDefinition as acl } from '@contember/schema-definition'

export const personVariable = acl.createPredefinedVariable('person', 'personID', readerRole)

createConditionVariable: Defining a condition variable​

createConditionVariable(variableName, role[, fallback])

Function arguments:​

  • variableName: a variable identifier. It must be unique for given role. You use this name in Tenant API
  • role: a role reference (created using createRole), for which this variable is defined. You can also pass an array of roles.
  • fallback: optional fallback condition, when a variable is not passed

Example: defining subscriptionVariable condition variable​

import { AclDefinition as acl } from '@contember/schema-definition'

export const subscriptionVariable = acl.createConditionVariable('subscription', readerRole)
note

Each variable must be exported from schema definition using export const ...

Tenant permissions​

See tenant permissions

Assume identity​

See assume identity

Assume membership​

See assume membership

S3 ACL​

See S3 chapter

Low level ACL definition​

Instead of decorators, you can build ACL definition by yourself. Check type definition for exact structure of ACL schema.

Entity variable​

Entity variables are stored in Tenant API within a membership. Usually some kind of dimension by which you split your data - e.g. a site or a language, or even a category.

const variables = {
	language_id: {
		type: Acl.VariableType.entity,
		entityName: "Language",
	},
};

Predefined variables​

Currently, there are two predefined variables - identityID with an ID of identity associated with current request and personID with ID of person. personID will be empty if the request is executed with token which is not associated with a person.

const variables = {
	identity_id: {
		type: Acl.VariableType.predefined,
		value: 'identityID',
	}
}

Predicates​

Before you set a rule to a field, you have to define a predicate on an entity - or you can use the most simple predicate true, which always allows given operation.

Predicates definition is similar to a syntax you use for filtering a data. Lets say you have entities Language and Post. And of course a relationship between them. And you only want to allow editors to edit a post in their language. A predicate definition, which references the variable language_id, may look like this:

const postEntityPredicates = {
	languagePredicate: {
		language: {
			id: "language_id",
		},
	},
};

Rules​

Now you have the predicate defined, so you can set rules on each field of the entity.

const postEntityOperations = {
	read: {
		title: true,
	},
	update: {
		title: "languagePredicate",
	},
	create: {
		title: "languagePredicate",
	},
	delete: false,
};

This definition says that user can read a title of any post, can create or edit a post in his language and cannot delete any post.

You don't have to define a rule for id field, because it is automatically computed from other fields.

Roles​

Role contains set of rules for individual entities and their fields. Putting it all together, a role definition may look like this:

const editorRole = {
	variables: variables,
	entities: {
		Post: {
			predicates: postEntityPredicates,
			operations: postEntityOperations,
		},
	},
};

Merging with a model definition​

You must manually merge low-level ACL definition in schema entrypoint - api/index.ts.

Example: merging low-level ACL definition​

import { createSchema } from '@contember/schema-definition'
import * as model from './model'
import acl from './acl'

export default { ...createSchema(model), acl }

Note, that this will override any ACL definition produced by decorators API. To combine these approaches, you must merge it deeply.